It may be regarded as a prefix which serves to facilitate pronunciation in the event that the word begins a sentence or utterance, or (as in the above examples) stands alone. Note that hamzat lwaSl is not part of the root of the word. (In Lebanese Arabic, however, a word can begin with a two-consonant cluster.) two consecutive consonants without an intervening vowel, which is not permitted in MSA. It occurs only at the beginning of words which would otherwise begin with a consonant cluster, i.e. The unwritten hamzaŧ is called hamzat lwaSl / هَمزَة الوَصْل, which means “the hamzaŧ of conjunction” or “the elidable hamzaŧ“. But this hamzaŧ is sometimes unwritten, as in the following examples. Since every Arabic word must begin with a consonant, you can be sure that a word-initial Āalif is always a seat for hamzaŧ. Note that إ only occurs in word-initial position, never in word-medial or word-final position. The hamzaŧ is placed above the Āalif ( أ) if it is followed by f atHaŧ ( a) or Dammaŧ ( u), and below the Āalif ( إ) if it is followed by kasraŧ ( i). This is the case even when the word takes an inseparable preposition or the definite article as a prefix. It never sits on the line, or on a wāw or dotless yāĀ.
Word-initial hamzaŧ always sits on an Āalif. If you are interested in learning about variations in hamzaŧ writing and the significance thereof, please see the essay by Dilworth B. In our discussion, we present a fairly standard set of rules for writing the hamzaŧ. Add to this the fact that mistakes in writing the hamzaŧ are not uncommon – hardly surprising given the complexity of the subject – and the result is a considerable amount of variation and inconsistency in hamzaŧ writing. And even where there is agreement on the rules, there are occasional exceptions to these rules. Although most of these rules are widely accepted, there is some disagreement in certain cases about the proper way to write the hamzaŧ.
How hamzaŧ is written in a given word is determined by rules pertaining primarily to its position in the word (initial, medial, or final) and the surrounding vowels. When it is not written, the hamzaŧ is sometimes pronounced and sometimes silent, depending upon context. When used as part of a word, it may be written on the line, or seated on one of the letters Āalif ( أ or إ), wāw ( ؤ), or yāĀ without the dots ( ئ), or not written at all.
Hamza (or hamzaŧ, as written in our transcription system) is always written on the line ( ء) when it is used in the abstract, as for example in the above image or the title of this post.
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